On a Paradigm Shift in Design: Toward Constructivist Foundations

A paradigm shift has been observed across scientific, engineering, and other disciplines. While this shift also impacts design, the impact within the design profession has been rather sporadic without a clear recognition of a profound philosophical change. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the transformation in design triggered by the emergence of new paradigms. For this, we contrast the old and the new paradigms and their impact on design. In particular, we look at the underlying epistemological and ontological assumptions and how they are reflected in design. The foundation for a new design philosophy sets new directions and goals.